Theory of Mind - Definition

Theory of mind is a theory insofar as the mind is not directly observable.The presumption that others have a mind is termed a theory of mind because each human can only intuit the existence of their own mind through introspection, and no one has direct access to the mind of another. It is typically assumed that others have minds by analogy with one's own, and based on the reciprocal nature of social interaction, as observed in joint attention, the functional use of language, and understanding of others' emotions and actions. Having a theory of mind allows one to attribute thoughts, desires, and intentions to others, to predict or explain their actions, and to posit their intentions. As originally defined, it enables one to understand that mental states can be the cause of—and thus be used to explain and predict - others' behavior. Being able to attribute mental states to others and understanding them as causes of behavior implies, in part, that one must be able to conceive of the mind as a "generator of representations". If a person does not have a complete theory of mind it may be a sign of cognitive or developmental impairment.

Theory of mind appears to be an innate potential ability in humans, but one requiring social and other experience over many years to bring to fruition. Different people may develop more, or less, effective theories of mind. Empathy is a related concept, meaning experientially recognizing and understanding the states of mind, including beliefs, desires and particularly emotions of others, often characterized as the ability to "put oneself into another's shoes". Recent neuro ethological studies of animal behaviour suggest that even rodents may exhibit ethical or empathic abilities. Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development maintain that theory of mind is a byproduct of a broader hypercognitive ability of the human mind to register, monitor, and represent its own functioning.

Research on theory of mind in a number of different populations (human and animal, adults and children, normally- and atypically-developing) has grown rapidly in the almost 30 years since Premack and Woodruff's paper, "Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?", as have the theories of theory of mind. The emerging field of social neuroscience has also begun to address this debate, by imaging humans while performing tasks demanding the understanding of an intention, belief or other mental state.

An alternative account of theory of mind is given within operant psychology and provides significant empirical evidence for a functional account of both perspective taking and empathy. The most developed operant approach is founded on research on derived relational responding and is subsumed within what is called, "Relational Frame Theory". According to this view empathy and perspective taking comprise a complex set of derived relational abilities based on learning to discriminate and verbally respond to ever more complex relations between self, others, place, and time, and the transformation of function through established relations. (wikipedia.org)

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Fun Facts About Criss Angel, Star of Criss Angel Mindfreak (Part - 2 end)

The Early Days. Criss Angel was introduced to the fascinating world of magic at the tender age of six by his Aunt Stella who taught him a trick with playing cards. I wonder if she knew where that one card trick would lead?

He Was Hooked. Criss Angel began his illustrious career in his teenage years by performing his magic tricks at parties, clubs, private events and of course at home for family and friends. He was in great demand right from the start for his skill, personality and infectious enthusiasm.

Influences. Criss Angel cites Harry Houdini and Aldo Richiardi as his greatest influences. On a recent episode of Criss Angel Mindfreak, Criss recreated an escape from a prison cell once performed by Houdini. It was a great success and amazed the fans that were invited to watch his progress via closed circuit television.

Award Winner. Criss Angel is the proud recipient of the Academy of Magical Arts Magician Of The Year award that was bestowed upon him in 2005. He also proudly received the IMS Magician Of The Year Award in 2001 and 2004. From the look of this skilled magician's rapidly rising star, more awards are most certainly in his future.

Tell All Book. "Mindfreak: Secret Revelations," which was published in April of 2007 contains a plethora of information about Criss Angel's life and his magic straight from the horse's mouth. A real treat for fans of the multi talented star, this book spent some time on the best seller list.

Vegas Baby. Criss Angel is opening a show at the Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas beginning in the Fall of 2008. The plan is for this to become a permanent Las Vegas show that will not be traveling to any other cities. One more reason to plan that trip to Las Vegas!

Much More Than Criss Angel Mindfreak. Criss Angel has appeared on many network television shows including CSI, Las Vegas, Oprah, The Late Show With David Letterman and Larry King Live. Criss has also inked a deal with NBC for a new reality television series that will attempt to find the next great mentalist. Riding the reality show wave, this show will surely be a hit and gain Criss Angel many new fans.

People have long been fascinated with magic. With family entertainment that is appropriate and interesting for family members of all ages, Criss Angel provides a form of entertainment that stands up to the test of time. With his vast talent, hip and edgy look and warm personality, Criss Angel has nearly reinvented this entertainment genre. With an already full resume, and many new projects on his plate, Criss Angel will surely be around to entertain young and old for a long, long time.
Sources: www.wikipedia.org 

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Fun Facts About Criss Angel, Star of Criss Angel Mindfreak (Part - 1)

Millions of people were introduced to the astounding feats of Criss Angel through his tremendously popular television show, Criss Angel Mindfreak. Performing a mix of illusions with dangerous stunts, Criss Angel had his viewers hooked with his skill and seemingly endless courage. In addition to his fascinating illusions and magic tricks, Criss Angel is a talented and skilled musician and stuntman who is extremely close to his family. Read this informative article for facts on the multi talented star of Criss Angel Mindfreak.

Beautiful And Lyrical Given Name. Criss Angel's full name is Christopher Nicholas Sarantakos. With his enormous talent and charismatic personality, one has to wonder if a name change was really necessary for success.

Christmas Baby. Criss Angel arrived in this world on December 19, 1967. All sources indicate that he made his presence in this world by conventional means!

A Proud New Yorker. Criss Angel's hometown is East Meadow, New York. One of Criss Angel's most charming attributes is his native New York accent. Criss Angel's hometown and his former local haunts are featured predominantly on Criss Angel Mindfreak.

Current Digs. Criss Angel currently divides his time between the Luxor Hotel in Paradise, Nevada and West Islip, New York. As his star continues to rise and more success is gained, New York and Nevada may be bidding a fond farewell to their resident illusionist.

Vital Stats. Criss Angel stands at an even six feet tall and weighs one hundred and sixty five pounds. Criss is in excellent shape and must remain that way to perform the many physically demanding stunts that are his trademark.

Loving Family. Criss Angel's parents names are John and Dimitra Sarantakos. He has two brothers whose names are Costa and JD. Tragically, Criss lost his father, John Sarantakos to stomach cancer. His brothers as well as his mother are frequently featured on Criss Angel Mindfreak, which illustrates the strong bond that he has with his family.

Romantic Situation. Criss Angel was married to Joann Sarantakos. The couple have since separated and have been apart since 2006. The tabloids have featured Criss Angel quite a bit lately, pairing him with everyone from Minnie Driver to Britney Spears. Details of his marriage and the reason for the estrangement have so far been unavailable for public opinion. Hopefully for the privacy of himself and his family, it will remain that way.

Animal Lover. Criss Angel has two feline companions that he named Minx and Hammy.

Wears Many Hats. Criss Angel is not only a magician, he is also an acclaimed illusionist, hypnotist and mentalist. He is a skilled escape artist, stuntman, musician and a working actor. He just may be the hardest working man in show business. Move over, Ryan Seacrest!

Great Love Of Music. Criss Angel grew up with a great love of music learning to play the drums, the accordion and the flute. Criss formed a band with friends named "Angel Dust." Criss can be seen performing musically on episodes of Criss Angel Mindfreak, which gives you a very personal look at the many varied passions of this man.

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